Glossary of terms

vector graphics graphique vectoriel compared to pixel graphics (bitmaps) resolution-independent, capacity-saving memory, representation and output option for image andgraphic files. The details and areas are described by vectors with a certain length and direction (that is, only two points in one plane).

viewing conditions conditions d’observation all conditions that influence the creation of a color stimulus when viewing an object or a light phenomenon; standardized conditions forvisual evaluations in media production: adjacent positioning of sample-reference, neutral gray environment with diffusing surface, evenly distributed illuminance, standard D50 illu -minant and a viewing distance adapted to the 2° field of vision the inclination of the desk level (difference between illumination and observation angle) depends on the task; exclusion (0°/45°) or inclusion (same angle) of the gloss.

viscosity viscosité rheological parameters or printing inks; a force opposing the deformation (“flow resistance”) of liquids, measurable with a rheometer: 1) dynamic viscosity [pascalsecond], calculated from shear stress divided by shear rate; 2) kinematic viscosity [m²/s], calculated from dynamic viscosity divided by material density; dynamic viscosity of printing inks: sheet-fed offset 40 to 100 Pa·s, heatset 20 to 75 Pa·s,coldset 3 to 6 Pa·s, flexo printing 0.05 (runable) to 0.5 Pa·s (when delivered), gravure printing 0.1 Pa·s, inkjet 0.01.

visible region (of spectrum) spectre visible light; short-wave end of the spectrum: 380 to 400 nm; long-wave end of the spectrum: 720 to 780 nm.